Valproic acid, valproate and divalproex in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder
Background Although lithium has been the most commonly used maintenance treatment in bipolar disorder for several decades, valproate is being used increasingly - especially in the United States of America. There is a need to clarify whether the increasingly prominent pr...
Suicide Risk in Bipolar Disorder During Treatment With Lithium and Divalproex
CONTEXT: Several studies have suggested that lithium treatment reduces risk of suicide in bipolar disorder, but no research has examined suicide risk during treatment with divalproex, the most commonly prescribed mood-stabilizing drug in the United States. OBJECTIVE: To...
Familiality of Polarity at Illness Onset in Bipolar Affective Disorder
OBJECTIVE: Bipolar affective disorder is clinically heterogeneous, and clinical features that run in families may help define more homogeneous phenotypes. The authors sought to establish whether polarity at illness onset, which is related to severity and course, is a fa...
Immune variations in bipolar disorder: phasic differences
Objectives To characterize the immunological variations of patients with a bipolar disorder (BD) diagnosis in manic (BDm) and depressive (BDd) phases, by the quantification of the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, -2, -4, -6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α).Me...
Bipolar disorder and panic disorder in families an analysis of chromosome 18 data
OBJECTIVE: The authors performed an analysis of their published chromosome 18 linkage data on 28 families in which there was bipolar disorder to test the potential of comorbid panic disorder to define a genetic subtype of bipolar disorder. METHOD: Families ascertained t...
