精神在线网 - 2007年WPA上海区域性国际会议暨中华精神病学会学术年会 会议论文汇编

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FT5 - 机构服 务 - Institutional Care
Chairs: Zucheng Wang, Chinese Mainland
Naotaka Shinfuku , Japan

FT5-1

Professional Carers' Knowledge and Response to Depression among their Aged-care Clients: The Care Recipients' Perspective

David Mellor 1 , Tanya Davison 1 , Marita McCabe 1 , Kuruvilla George 2
1 Deakin University , Psychology, Burwood , Australia , 2 Eastern Health, Aged Persons' Mental Health, Melbourne , Australia

目的 在老年人群中 , 甚至是接受老年 护理的患者中 , 抑郁症往往都没有被充分地诊断出来。导致这种情况的一个因素是老年人不愿意与他们的医护人员讨论自己的情绪和情感。现在的研究聚焦在为什么为老年人提供家庭护理的专业人员不能识别老年抑郁并提供有效干预。

方法: 我 们访谈了 15 名居住在高 级或低级老年护理机构的老人, 3 名在家中接受个人老年 护理的老人。所有的受试者都被他们的护理机构诊断为抑郁症。 而且受 试者对自己的护理人员认识及处理他们的抑郁情况进行汇报。

结果: 尽管受 试者都用积极的词语描述他们的护理者,但他们对护理者识别抑郁症状的知识和技能是持批评态度的,并指出个人护理者和受护理者之间对抑郁症状的交流是有严重缺陷的。

结论: 为该领域的个人护理人员提供培训,以及对相关组织机构的文化进行改革是必要的。

Objectives: Depression is an under diagnosed disorder among the elderly, even in those who are in receipt of aged care services. One factor associated with this under diagnosis has been identified as a reluctance amongst the elderly to discuss their mood and emotions with their medical practitioners, The current study focused on why depression is not recognised and acted on by those providing residential or home-based care to older people.

Methods: We interviewed 15 elderly people residing in high-level or low-level aged care facilities, and three elderly people who were receiving personal care in their homes. All participants had been identified by their care agencies as depressed. Participants reported their perceptions of their personal carers' knowledge and practices in managing the residents' depression.

Results: Although the participants described their carers in positive terms, they were critical of their knowledge and skills in recognising depression, and indicated that the communication between personal carers and care recipients about depressive symptomatology was seriously flawed.

Conclusions: Training for personal carers in these areas, and efforts to change organizational culture are recommended.

FT5-2

完全睡眠剥 夺后生理和认知的变化 - Physiological and Cognitive Changes after Total Sleep Deprivation

Jin-Hee Han 1 , Jong-Hyun Jeong 1 , Hoo-Rim Song 1 , Yoon-Kyung Shin 1 , Sung-Pil Lee 1 , Seung-Chul Hong 1
1 St. Vincent's Hospital, the Catholic University of Korea , Psychiatry, Suwon , Korea , Republic of

目的 本研究的目的是通 过实验室血液检查和维也纳测试系统 ( 反应测试和警觉性测试 ) 来调查完全睡眠剥夺对于健康受试者生理和神经认知的影响。

方法 十六名健康受 试者参加了本研究。受试者被要求在 48 小 时内保持觉醒并接受持续监督。在试验前以及完全剥夺睡眠 48 小 时后测试这些受试者的可的松,催乳素,甲状腺素,生长激素,免疫球蛋白( IgG , IgA , IgM , IgD , IgE ), CBC , BC ,以及 维也纳测试系统(反应测试和警觉性测试)。

结果: 在 48 小 时完全剥夺睡眠后测试的生理和神经认知检查结果如下: 1.T3 和 T4 浓度在剥夺睡眠之后显著上升。 2. 在免疫球蛋白水平,被 证实下降的有 IgGA , IgA 和 IgM 浓度,但是这些差异并不具统计学显著意义。 3. 在完全睡眠剥 夺后, WBC 计数显著上升。 4. 快速血糖水平, 总蛋白,白蛋白,碱性磷酸酶和钾的水平都有相应的显著上升。但总胆红素水平却是降低的。 5. 在反 应测试中分布反应时间明显上升,正确反应明显降低。在维也纳测试中,正确反应总数明显降低,正确反应时间的平均值显著延迟。

结论: 完全睡眠剥 夺对于生理功能的影响显著表现在甲状腺素水平,并部分导致免疫系统,催乳素和生长激素水平的变化。在血液生化方面,与肝胆系统相关的指标都会改变,这提示了睡眠剥夺可能会影响肝胆系统的新陈代谢。而在认知层面的影响能够在反应和警觉性功能上被明显的检测到。

关键词 睡眠剥 夺 , 生理功能 , 神经认知功能

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiological and neurocognitive effects of total sleep deprivation by using the laboratory blood test and the Vienna test system (reaction test, vigilance test) in healthy subjects.

Methods: Sixteen healthy volunteers participated in this study. Subjects were recommended to remain awake for 48 hours under continuous surveillance. Cortisol, prolactin, thyroid hormone, growth hormone, immunoglobulin (Ig G, Ig A, Ig M, Ig D, Ig E), CBC, BC and the Vienna test system (reaction test, vigilance test) were performed before and after 48 hours of total sleep deprivation.

Results of the physiological and neurocognitive measures after 48 hours of sleep deprivation were as follows:

1. Concentration of T3 and T4 significantly increased after deprivation.

2. In immunoglobulin levels, manifested decreased Ig G, Ig A and Ig M concentrations. But these differences were not statistically significant.

3. After total sleep deprivation, WBC counts significantly increased.

4. Level of fasting blood sugar, total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase and potassium significantly increased, respectively. But, total bilirubin level decreased.

5. In the reaction test, distribution reaction time significantly increased, and correct reaction significantly decreased. In the vigilance test, amount of correct reaction significantly decreased, and the mean value of reaction time correct was significantly delayed.

Conclusions: The effect of total sleep deprivation on the physiological function was significant in thyroid hormone, and there were partly consistent results in the immune system, prolactin level and growth hormone. In blood chemistry, the components related with hepato-biliary system altered, it suggested that sleep deprivation may influence the metabolism of hepato-biliary system. And the cognitive impairment resulting from total sleep deprivation were markedly detected in the reactive and vigilant functions.

Key words: Sleep deprivation, Physiological function, Neurocognitive function

FT5-3

精神疾病 临床沟通 : 综合性医院一项有价值的工作 - Mental Health Clinical Liaison: A Valuable Role in a General Health Setting

Paul Robson 1
1 Rockhampton Hospital , Mental Health Service, Emu Park , Australia

目前 , 1/5 的人群患有精神疾病 , 心理健康 护理工作变得日益重要。在综合性医疗机构,护士和医务人员需要为精神疾病患者提供合理的护理。但是,由于心理健康护理是一个非常专业的领域,未接受过这一领域培训的很多医务人员在接触到相关病人时,则会措手不及。本文主要描述了一综合医院护士在临床上护理精神疾病患者的情况。

With mental health care now mainstreamed and with 1:5 persons having a mental disorder, general nurses and health care practitioners are having to provide care for patients who have mental illness within acute general hospital settings. This is causing some degree of anxiety among such staff as they have not been trained in the specialist area of mental health care. This paper describes the contribution that a clinical nurse consultant (mental health liaison) contributes to mental health care within a general hospital setting.

FT5-4

团体心理治疗中的绘画技术 - The Patient′s Drawings and Paintings in Group Psychotherapy

Revaz Korinteli 1
1 M.Asatiani Research Institute of Psychiatry, Republican Psychotherapeutic Center, Tbilisi , Georgia

每一副 画 讲述一个故事 , 通过绘画能帮助团体心理治疗的成员间彼此更了解并促进共情。对于用言语表达自己困难的成员 , 绘画可以成为他们沟通的有效工具。绘画可以使患者从他们的问题中脱离出来。成员通过绘画认识到还没有暴露的内心冲突,并从中学会感受自信。在这里将讨论如何利用绘画作为投射和干涉技术,并探讨绘画对不同类型患者的诊断与预后评估的作用。

Every picture tells a story and helps group members become more sensitive and empathetic to each other through their drawings and paintings. They can be the valuable tool for communicating with group members who have hard time expressing themselves verbally. The drawings and paintings allow a true decentering from one s problem. Group members learn to feel confident in working with drawings and paintings to recognize not yet revealed inner conflicts. The use of drawing and paintings as projective and intervention techniques and study their diagnostic and prognostic abilities with different kinds of patients will be discussed.

CSP2

Chairs: Dongfeng Zhou, Chinese Mainland
Jingping Zhao, Chinese Mainland

CSP2-1

Improving Drug Addiction Treatment in China

Wei Hao 1
1 Mental Health Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha , Chinese Mainland

Objectives: To illustrate the current situation and problems of drug addiction in China and propose suggestions.

Methods: A descriptive study based on literature searched from Medline and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database (1996 to 2007) and hand-picked references.

Results: Since the re-emergence of drug addiction in China in the early 1990s, there has been tremendous progress in drug addiction treatments in China , especially treatments for opiate addiction. However, many problems and challenges remain for improvement, including widespread negative attitudes towards drug abuse and drug dependent persons, a lack of evidence-based data on the efficacy of Chinese traditional medicine, and a lack of a comprehensive and integrated system to organize all treatment resources and monitor treatment progress. The authors discuss the challenges that impede effective treatments of drug addiction and some suggestions are proposed. Implementing these suggestions can improve the outcome of treatment of drug dependent persons and benefit the whole society.

Conclusion: China faces substantial drug abuse problems that appear to be worsening with time. Though much progress in drug addiction treatment has been made, improvement in many aspects is urgently needed.

Key words: drug addiction, China , treatment, challenges, efficacy, traditional Chinese medicine, HIV/AIDS

CSP2-2

二甲双胍合并行 为干预治疗抗精神病药物所致体重增加和糖代谢紊 乱的研究 - Study on the Influence of Increased Body Weight and Glycometabolism Disorder Caused by Antipsychotic Medicine when Treating by Dimethyl Biguanide Combined with Behavior Intervention

平 靖 赵 1 , 容 仁 吴 1
1 中南大学湘雅二医院 , 精神 卫生研究所 , 长沙 , Chinese Mainland

目的 : 研究二甲双胍与行 为干预治疗单用或合用治疗抗精神病药物引起的体重增加和糖代谢紊乱的疗效。

方法 : 128 例精神分裂症患者随机分 为二甲双胍 ( 750mg/d ) 与行 为干预治疗合用组 ( A 组 , 32 例 ) 、二甲双胍 ( 750mg/d ) 单用组 ( B 组 , 32 例 ) 、行 为干预治疗单用组 ( C 组 , 32 例 ) 和 对照组 ( D 组 , 32 例 ) , 均治 疗观察 12 周。 每 组患者于治疗前和治疗后 4 周末、 8 周末及 12 周末 测空腹血糖、胰岛素,量身高、体重、腰围,并计算体重指数( BMI )及胰 岛素抵抗指数( IRI )。

结果 : ( 1 )共入 组 128 例病人, 79 例( 62% )完成 12 周的研究, A 、 C 两 组的完成率明显低于 B 、 D 两 组,差异有显著性, A 组与 C 组, B 组与 D 组完成率比较差异无显著性。( 2 )在 A 、 B 、 C 3 组中,体重、体重指数( BMI )、腰 围、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数( IRI )治 疗后均明显降低,治疗后各时点与治疗前比较,差异均有显著性。在 D 组中,体重、 BMI 、腰 围、空腹胰岛素、 IRI 治 疗后均明显升高,治疗后各时点与治疗前比较差异均有显著性。( 3 )治 疗 4 周末, A 组与 B 组体重、 BMI 的下降程度相同,而明 显高于 C 组;治疗 8 周末及 12 周末, B 组与 C 组体重、 BMI 的下降程度相同,而明 显低于 A 组;治疗后各时点, A 组与 B 组空腹胰岛素、 IRI 的下降程度相同,而明 显高于 C 组。

结论 : 二甲双胍与行 为干预治疗单用或合用均能有效和安全的减轻抗精神病药物引起的体质量增加和胰岛素抵抗,二甲双胍与行为干预治疗合用减轻体质量的疗效最好,二甲双胍与行为干预治疗缓解抗精神病药物引起的胰岛素抵抗的疗效相同,患者对二甲双胍的依从性优于行为干预治疗。

CSP2-3

矿难后 2 个月及 10 个月 . 创伤后应激障碍的脑功能研究 - The Epidemiology and Neuroimaging Research in Coal Mining Accident Survivors with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

彩 兰 侯 1 , 凌江 李 2 , 燕 张 2 , 军 刘 2 , 忠 贺 2 , 坤 王 3 , 勇 刘 3 , 高浪 龚 3 , 妮 舒 3 , 猛 梁 3 , 田仔 蒋 3
1 中南大学湘雅二医院精神 卫生研究所 广东省人民医院广东省精神卫生研究所 , 广州 , Chinese Mainland, 2 中南大学湘雅二医院精神 卫生研究所 , 长沙 , Chinese Mainland, 3 中科院自 动化研究所模式识别国家重点实验室 , 北京 , Chinese Mainland

目的 探索急性重性 PTSD ( 矿难后 2 个月 ) 脑功能特点 , 研究 PTSD 神 经环路发挥重要作用的脑机制。矿难后 10 个月随 访,探讨 PTSD 脑功能变化并进行纵向比较。

方法: 选取 24 名急性重性 PTSD 患者和 24 名 对照者,接受情绪识数 stroop 、症状激 发任务及症状激发的短期记忆提取任务 3 项脑功能检查。矿难后 10 个月,所有 PTSD 患者接受第二次 脑功能检查。

结果: ( 1 )情 绪识数 stroop : 矿难后 2 个月, PTSD 患者相比 对照者双侧前扣带回、右侧额下回等脑区激活下降;矿难后 10 个月 PTSD 患者左 侧额叶内侧回、右侧额中回、右侧扣带回及左侧海马旁回激活增强; PTSD 患者 矿难后 10 个月与 矿难后 2 个月前后配 对比较,矿难后 10 个月 PTSD 患者双 侧额上回、双侧额中回、右侧扣带回及左侧海马旁回激活增强。( 2 )症状激 发任务:矿难后 2 个月, PTSD 患者相比 对照者,右侧前扣带回、左侧额下回及双侧额中回等部位激活下降,左侧海马旁回激活增强;矿难后 10 个月, PTSD 患者相比 对照者,右侧颞上回( BA38 )激活增 强,右 侧颞上回( BA22 )、右 侧岛叶等脑区激活下降; PTSD 患者前后配 对比较,矿难后 10 个月右 侧扣带回激活下降。( 3 )症状激 发的短时提取任务:矿难后 2 个月, PTSD 患者相比 对照者,右侧额下回、右侧额中回等脑区激活下降;矿难后 10 个月, PTSD 患者相比 对照者,右侧额下回及右侧额中回等脑区激活下降; PTSD 患者 矿难后 10 个月与 矿难后 2 个月 进行配对比较,右侧海马旁回及双侧颞上回激活下降。 (4) 矿难后 2 个月,短 时记忆提取任务相比症状激发任务,右侧海马旁回激活下降;矿难后 10 个月,短 时记忆提取任务相比症状激发任务,左侧海马旁回激活下降。

结论: PTSD 急性期已存在 脑功能 改 变及记忆功能损害。主要的脑区在前额叶及海马部位。通过纵向比较可以看出 PTSD 患者 脑功能也发生了变化。

关键词: 矿难, PTSD , fMRI.

CSP2-4

重性抑郁症 脑白质纤维弥散张量成像的初步研究 . 刘海燕 姚志 剑 滕皋 军 武欣 王 丽 杜 经纶 曹燕翔 袁哲星 刘文 - White Matter Integrity in Major Depression: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study on Whole Brain

Zhi-jian Yao 1 , Hai-yan Liu 1 , Gao-jun Teng 1
1 Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Department of Psychiatry, Nanjing , Chinese Mainland

目的 抑郁症的病 变涉及多个脑区的变化 , 其神经联系包括边缘 - 丘脑 - 皮层结构和边缘 - 纹状体 - 皮质 - 丘脑结构两个神经环路 , 有研究认为环路的异常引起神经整体调节功能异常 , 抑郁症是具有精神症状的神经疾病。本研究利用弥散张量成像( diffusion tensor imaging, DTI )技 术,探索脑白质纤维异常与中青年抑郁症的关联。

方法: 2005 年 3 月- 2007 年 1 月南京医科大学附属 脑科医院的住院和门诊抑郁症患者 24 例,均符合 CCMD - 3 及 DSM - IV 重性抑郁症 诊断标准, 24 项 Hamilton 抑郁量表 评分 >35 。其中男 15 例,女 9 例;年 龄 23 ~ 55 岁,平均年龄( 41.88±9.99 ) 岁;受教育年限 5 ~ 15 年,平均( 10.96±3.08 )年,均 为右利手; 30 例在性 别、年龄、教育年限上经样本 t 检验,均无显著性差异( P>0.05 )的健康志愿者。研究 经南京医科大学医学伦理委员会同意,所有受试者或其家属均签署知情同意书。

应用美国 GE 1. 5 T 超 导型磁共振仪,首先进行常规磁共振平面扫描,未发现异常结构者继续扫描, DTI 采用 SE EPI 序列 轴位扫描,正中矢状位平行前后联合连线为定位线; TR/TE = 1000ms /81.2ms , FOV = 240mm×240mm ,矩 阵 128 ×128 , b 值= 1000s/mm2 , NEX 两次, 25 个方向上施加 扩散梯度;每个时间点不间断 30 层图像,层厚 4mm , 层间隔 0mm ,同 时采集 3D 结构影像数据。利用 DtiStudio 软件重建 FA 图; AFNI 软件中全脑图像手动配准; Statistical Parametric Mapping ( spm ) 2 软件中, FA 图标准化到各自的 3D 图像模板上,后进行基于像素 FA 值的双样本 t 检验统计分析,设 P<0.001 为有显著统计学意义,阈值 >10 个像素。

结果: 经双样本 t 检验,患 者 组在左额中回( -45 31 28 ;58 像素);左 额上回( -26 52 -1 ; 14 像素);右 额内侧回( 11 -23 53 ; 38 像素);左楔前叶( -17 -54 32 ; 106 像素);左 颞上回( -65 -40 18 ; 13 像素);右扣 带回( 6 -27 37 ; 10 像素)、等区域的 FA 值低于健康组,差异有显著统计学意义。

结论: 中青年重性抑郁患者存在 脑白质损害现象,同时支持神经环路连接性损伤可能是导致抑郁症发病原因的假设。

Objective: Alternations in the white matter connections of some regions such as cingulated cortex and prefrontal cortex maybe the reason that result in the depression, diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTI) is an exciting neuroimaging technique that can be used to visualize and measure the diffusion of water in brain tissue in vivo, this study used DTI to investigate whether the white fiber abnormalities of these regions were present in middle-aged patients with major depression.

Methods: 24 depression middle-aged patients and 30 gender-, age-,and education-matched healthy controls were all underwent whole brain DTI scans. Scans were analyzed using a rigorous voxelwise approach. Results The fractional anisotropy (FA) in the left middle frontal gyrus, the left superior frontal gyrus, the right medial frontal gyrus, the left superior temporal gyrus, the left precuneus and the right cingulate gyrus were significantly lower in patients than in controls (P<0.001).

Conclusions: The white matter abnormalities were also present in middle-aged patients with major depression, and these results support the hypothesis that disrupt connectivity of the nerve circuits among brain regions contribute to the risk of depression.

Key words: Depression ; Diffusion tensor imaging ; White matter ; Fractional anisotropy

CSP2-5

新婚夫妻暴力 预防性心理干预对家庭暴力态度的前瞻性研究 - The Propective Study of the Attitudes on Domestic of Psychological Preventive Intervention of Spousal Violence to Newly-married Couples

邹韶红 韶 红 邹 1 , 张亚林 亚林 张 1
1 中南大学湘雅二医院 , 精神 卫生研究所 , 长沙 , Chinese Mainland

目的 通 过对新婚夫妻暴力的重点 人群 进行预防性心理干预 , 旨在降低对家庭暴力持认可的态度

方法 采取横断面 调查及前瞻性研究。于 2005 年 11 月~ 2006 年 2 月在 长沙市 5 个市 辖区中抽取 2 个市 辖区 , 再在每个市辖区民政局婚姻登记机构处对领取结婚证愿意接受婚前暴力调查研究的新婚登记夫妻进行调查。调查对象仅限于初婚的夫妻。经样本估算后,实际有效调查 317 对。从 317 对新婚夫妻中筛选出 93 对夫妻暴力重点人群,随机分为研究组( 42 对)和对照组( 51 对)。研究组主要接受关于夫妻暴力的健康心理教育及预防夫妻暴力发生的心理辅导训练,对照组不接受任何干预。两组分别在干预前接受自编的夫妻暴力调查问卷、简易应对方式问卷( SCSQ )、艾森克人格 问卷( EPQ )、社会支持 评定量表( SSRS )、儿童期虐待 问卷( CTQ-SF )的 评定。在干预后 6 个月接受夫妻暴力 调查问卷的评定。研究组完成 25 对,对照组完成 37 对。

结果:

1. 研究前两 组的年龄、性别、受教育程度、职业、经济收入、同居史、饮酒史、吸烟史、赌博史、居住条件、儿童期目睹家庭暴力及各种量表的评分差异均无显著性( P>0.05 )。

2. 对家庭暴力态度的变化。干预前两组对家庭暴力态度的比较,差异无显著性( P>0.05 );随 访 6 月后研究 组对家庭暴力持 “ 可以 ” 和 “ 看情况 ” 的 态度者 15 人( 30% )低于 对照组 43 人( 58.1% )( P<0.01 )。随 访 6 月后,研究 组对家庭暴力持 “ 可以 ” 和 “ 看情况 ” 的 态度者 25 人( 50.0% )明 显下降到 15 人 (30.0%) ,但差异无 显著性( P>0.05 )。

结论: 预防性心理干预改善了新婚夫妻对家庭暴力的态度,对家庭暴力持 “ 可以 ” 和 “ 看情况 ” 态度者明显减少,持 “ 不可以 ” 态度者明显增多。预防性心理干预是 有效的。

关键词 夫妻暴力, 预防,前瞻性研究,干预,表现形式

Object: To evaluate psychological preventive intervention of high-risk spousal violence groups for prevention of the attitudes on domestic.

Methods: By using cross-sectional survey and prospective study, two of the five catchment areas in Changsha city were randomly selected. Totally 317 newly-married couples in Changsha city were interviewed. 93 high-risk couples were screened from 317 newly-married couples were randomly assigned to research group and control group. For the research group, session about psychological education of SV and counseling about prevention of SV were given. For the control group, no not intervention was received. A self-designed SV questionnaire, Neurosis and Psychosis Screening Scale, the self-report Eysenck's Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), Social Supporting Rating Scale (SSRS), and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-28 item Short Form (CTQ-SF) were administered in two groups before intervention. After follow-up six months, a self-designed SV questionnaire and Short Marital-Adjustment and Prediction Test (SMAPT) were administered again. Total 25 couples of research group completed follow up study while 37 couples in control group completed.

Results: 1. There was no difference on age, gender, education levels, employment, economic status, cohabitation history, alcohol abuse, drinking frequency, smoking, gambling, habitation condition, witnessing DV, childhood abuse, and scores of every scales between two groups. 2. There was no difference on attitudes on domestic violence before intervention. To compare attitudes on domestic violence between two groups after follow-up six months, the viewpoints of acceptance DV, acceptance under some circumstances of research group were significantly lower than control group ( P<0.01 ) . After follow-up six months, the viewpoints of acceptance DV, and acceptance under some circumstances of research group is lower but did not have statistical significantly ( P>0.05 ) . The total scores of SMAPT of intervention group was significantly higher than that of control group after follow-up ( P<0.01 ) .

Conclusions: Psychological preventive intervention of SV was effective on the attitudes on SV. The viewpoints of acceptance DV, acceptance under some circumstances decreased significantly, but denying SV rising significantly. Preventive intervention was effective.

Keywords: spousal violence, prevention, intervention, pattern

CSP2-6

山 东省 18 岁及以上人群精神疾病流行病学调查 - Epidemiological Investigation on Mental Disorders over 18 in Shangdong Province

张敬悬 Zhang 1 , 卢传华 唐 济生 刘 兰芬 邱慧敏 王松波 王 爱贞 张韶东 江永 华 胡伯文 赵长英 曹学 义
1 东省精神卫生中心 , 济南市 , Chinese Mainland 目的 调查山东省 18 岁及以上城乡人口精神疾病的患病率。

方法 采用多 阶段分层整群系统随机抽样方法在全省五个地区 ( 包括城市和农村 ) 进行抽样 , 实际抽取 18 及 18 岁以上人口 23987 人 , 实际完成 GHQ-12 问卷调查 22664 人 ( 94.48% ), 1323 人被抽中的 调查者未完成调查 , 主要原因为因躯体疾病不能填表 66 人 , 因精神疾病不能填表 67 人 , 拒 绝调查 446 人 , 该户一直没人住 160 人 , 该户有人但选出的被试一直没找到 576 人 , 其他 14 人 , 共 纳入资料分析 22793 人。主要研究工具有 GHQ-12 、 DSM-IV 和 SCID-P 。 24 名精神科 护士和 60 名精神科医生培 训 4 周后参加 调查,并进行一致性测验,现场调查 3 个月完成。 结果 在 18 岁及以上城乡人群中,精神疾病的患病率为 17.66% ( 95%CI : 17.16%-18.15% )。各 类精神疾病的患病率分别为:双相障碍 0.21% ,重性抑郁障碍 1.52% ,心境 恶劣障碍 1.81% ,未特定抑郁障碍 1.91% , 缘于躯体状况的心境障碍 0.12% ,精神分裂症 0.82% ,其他精神病性障碍 0.12% ,酒精使用障碍 5.27% , 镇静催眠抗焦虑剂使用障碍 0.06% ,焦 虑障碍 5.11% ,躯体形式障碍 0.21% ,适 应障碍 0.04% ,其他 轴 1 诊断 0.11% ,精神 发育迟滞 0.23% ,老年性痴呆 0.13% 。

结论: 与国内浙江省的研究 结果一致,山东省 18 岁及以上人群精神疾病的患病率为 17.66% 。按此推算山 东省 18 岁及以上人群中有各类精神疾病患者 1347 万人( 95%CI : 1309-1384 万人)。精神 卫生问题已成为我国非常重要的公共卫生问题和非常突出的社会问题。

CSP2-7

A Epidemiological Investigation of Mental Disorders of the People Aged 18 Years and above in Shandong Province

Jingxuan Zhang 1 , Chuanhua Lu 1 , Jisheng Tang 1 , Lanfen Liu 1 , Huimin Qiu 1 , Songbo Wang 1 , Aizhen Wang 1 , Shaodong Zhang 1 , Yonghua Jiang 1 , Bowen Hu 1 , Changying Zhao 1 , Xueyi Cao 1
1 Shandong Mental Health Center , Jinan City , Chinese Mainland

Objective: To investigate the prevalence rate of mental disorders of the people aged 18 years and above of Shandong province.

Method: 23987 persons aged 18 years and above were sampled from five areas of Shandong province by multi-stage cluster random sampling. 22664 ( 94.48% ) persons completed the survey questionnaires. 1323 persons did not completed the survey questionnaires, the reasons non-completed survey were not finding the sampled persons (576 cases), refusing (446 cases), and no person living in the sampled home (160 cases), not able to completed the questionnaires (123 cases) due to mental or body disorders, and the other reasons (14 cases). The main survey tools were General Health Questionnaire ( GHQ-12 ) , DSM-IV and SCID-P. 24 nurses and 60 psychiatrists trained for 4 weeks before survey completed the investigation costing 3 months.

Result: The prevalence rate of mental disorders of the people aged 18 years and above of Shandong province was 17.66%(95%CI : 17.16%-18.15% ) , The prevalence rates of different mental disorders were 0.21% of bipolar disorders, 1.52% of major depressition , 1.81% of dysthymia disorders , 1.91% of depressive disorders not classified elsewhere , 0.12% of mood disorders due to body's diseases , 0.82% of schizophrenia , 0.12% of other psychotic disorders , 5.27% of alcohol abuse disorders , 0.06% of sedatives or hypnotics abuse disorders , 5.11% of anxiety disorders , 0.21% of somatoform disorders , 0.04% of adjustment disorderss , 0.11% of other disorders of DSM-IV axis I , 0.23% of mental retardation , and 0.13% of dementia 。

Conclusion: It is the same as the results of the epidemiological study of mental disorders in Zhejiang province, the prevalence rate of mental disorders of the people aged 18 years and above of Shandong province is 17.66% (95%CI : 17.16%-18.15% ) , according to that there are about 13.47 millions people aged 18 years and above with different mental disorders in Shandong province (95%CI:. 13.09-13.84 millions people ) . The mental health problems are becoming very important public health problems and important social problems in our country.

CSP2-8

酸性神 经酰胺酶 ASAH1 基因与精神分裂症易感性研究 - The Study of Genetic Susceptibility to ASAH1 Gene in Schizophrenia

怀惠 张 1 , 东红 崔 2 , 开达 江 2 , 三多 江 2 , 紫青 朱 2
1 上海交通大学附属上海市精神 卫生中心 上海市杨浦区精神卫生中心 , 上海市 , Chinese Mainland, 2 上海交通大学附属上海市精神 卫生中心 , 上海市 , Chinese Mainland

目的 探索基因芯片 筛查出的在精神分裂症患者中异常表达的酸性神经酰胺酶基因 ( ASAH1 ) 与精神分裂症易感性 间的关系。

方法 应用基因表达谱芯片对 6 例精神分裂症患者和 6 名健康 对照进行分析 , 筛查易感基因。应 用聚合 酶 链反应和限制性片段长度多态性技术对 254 个精神分裂症核心家系 ASAH1 基因上的 3 个 SNPs ( rs3753118 、 rs3753116 和 rs7830490 ) 进行检测,计算连锁不平衡( LD )、 传递不平衡( TDT )及 单体型 TDT 。使用 PANSS 量表 评定 254 例精神分裂症患者疾病表型的数量性状,比 较在 3 个 SNPs 位点具有不同基因型、不同等位基因、不同 单体型的患者的 PANSS 量表 评分。

结果: 1. ASAH1 基因芯片研究:符合差异表达基因的有 31 条(数据此 处未报道),其中 ASAH1 基因表达水平在 6 例精神分裂症患者、 7 次 试验中均低于健康对照。 2. ASAH1 基因 传递不平衡分析:( 1 ) rs3753116 - rs7830490 存在 强 LD ( D'=0.851 , r2=0.369 ), rs3753118 - rs3753116 存在中等 强度 LD ( D'=0.495 , r2=0.165 ), rs3753118 - rs7830490 存在弱 LD ( D'=0.196 , r2=0.029 )。( 2 ) ASAH1 基因 rs3753118 、 rs3753116 和 rs7830490 与精神分裂症存在阳性 关联, TDT Χ2 值分别为: 5.18 ( P=0.023 ); 4.44 ( P=0.035 ); 4.14 ( P=0.042 )。( 3 ) 单体型 rs3753118 - rs7830490 和 rs3753118 - rs3753116 - rs7830490 与精神分裂症存在阳性 关联( Χ2 值分别为 8.45 , df=3 ,P <0.05 ; Χ2 = 15.86 , df=7 ,P <0.05 ), 单体型 rs3753118T - rs7830490A 和 rs3753118T - rs3753116G - rs7830490A 为精神分裂症的风险单体型 (P<0.05) 。 3. ASAH1 基因与精神分裂症数量性状的 关联分析:( 1 ) rs3753118 位点 3 种基因型间患者的阳性症状分存在显著性差异 (P<0.05) ; rs3753116 位点 3 种基因型间患者的 PANSS 总分和阴性症状分存在显著性差异 (P<0.05) 。( 2 ) rs3753118 C -rs3753116 G 单体型和 rs3753118 C -rs3753116 G -rs7830490 A 单体型对应的 PANSS 总分和阴性量表分明显高于系统默认的参照单体型(P <0.05 )。

结论: ASAH1 基因与精神分裂症 连锁, ASAH1 基因可能是中国 汉族人群精神分裂症的易感基因。 ASAH1 基因上可能存在着精神分裂症的症状数量性状位点。

Objective: To explore the genetic susceptibility of ASAH1 gene in schizophrenia. ASAH1 gene was detected by Cui's microarray and was significantly down regulated in all schizophrenia patients.

Methods: Microarray analysis was used to detect gene expression profiles of leucocytes in six schizophrenic patients and six normal controls. Three SNPs (rs3753118, rs3753116 and rs7830490) of ASAH1 in 254 schizophrenia trios were genotyped by using PCR-RFLP, and the LD, TDT and haplotype TDT were analyzed by using EMLD, UNPHASED and TRANSMIT softwares. PANSS was used to quantify the phenotypes of schizophrenia. One-Way ANOVA and the QTPHASE of UNPHASED2.4 were used to compare the PANSS score between different genotypes, alleles and haplotypes.

Results: 1. Microarray analysis: 31 genes expression altered when the ratio of Cy5/Cy3 signal was more than 1.5 or less than 0.7 (we didn't report these dates here), and ASAH1 expression levels were significantly decreased in all patients compared to healthy controls. 2. TDT analysis: (1) Strong LD was found between rs3753116 and rs7830490 (D' =0.851, r2=0.369), mild LD was found between rs3753118 and rs3753116 (D' =0.495, r2=0.165), and weak LD between rs3753118 and rs7830490 (D' =0.196, r2=0.029). (2) SNP rs3753118, rs3753116, rs7830490 were observed to be associated with schizophrenia by TDT (X2=5.18, P=0.023; X2=4.44, P=0.035; X2=4.14, P=0.042). (3) The haplotype rs3753118-rs7830490 and rs3753118-rs3753116-rs7830490 were associated with schizophrenia (P<0.05). 3.Association analysis between ASAH1 gene and symptom quantitative trait: (1) There were significant difference of the Positive score among patients grouped upon genotypes in rs3753118, and the total PANSS score and Negative score were significant different among patients grouped upon genotypes in rs3753116 (P<0.05). (2) The total PANSS score and the Negative score of patients with rs3753118C-rs3753116G haplotype, with rs3753118C-rs3753116G-rs7830490A haplotype, were higher than that of reference haplotype (P<0.05).

Conclusions: 1. ASAH1 gene was linked with schizophrenia and might be a positional susceptibility gene of Chinese Han schizophrenia. 2.There might be symptom quantitative trait locis of schizophrenia on ASAH1 gene.

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